Introduction to Disability

Explore diverse disabilities, from historical perspectives to current interventions. Learn about types, causes, rights, and effective support strategies to foster inclusion and understanding.

Introduction to Disability

1 Understanding Disability

  1. A Brief Historical Perspective
  2. The Changing Perspectives Towards Disability—From Charity to Human Rights Approach
  3. WHO’s International Classification of Functioning
  4. Who are Children with Disabilities?
  5. Sameness in Differences Accepting Diversity
  6. The Purpose of Focusing on both Differences and Similarities
  7. The Inspiring Life of Srikanth Bolla

2 Types of Disabilities’ Causes and Prevention

  1. Use of Appropriate Language for Persons with Disabilities
  2. Types of Disabilities
  3. Causes and Prevention of Disabilities

3 Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016

  1. A Brief Overview of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
  2. Some Definitions and Concepts in RPwD Act, 2016
  3. Rights and Entitlements of Persons with Disabilities as per RPwD Act
  4. Provisions for Education and Empowerment
  5. Provisions for Skill Development and Employment
  6. Special Provisions for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities
  7. Special Provision for Persons with Disabilities with High Support Needs
  8. Certification of Specified Disabilities
  9. Constitution of Central and State Advisory Boards on Disability
  10. Provisions for Special Courts
  11. Offences and Penalties under the Act

4 Early Childhood Care and Education- Policies and Frameworks

  1. Defining Early Childhood Years
  2. Types of Service Provision during Early Childhood Years
  3. Benefits of ECCE Programmes
  4. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  5. ECCE in India: Some Policies and Legislations
  6. National Education Policy, 2020
  7. NIPUN Bharat, 2021
  8. Vidya Pravesh, 2022
  9. National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS), 2022
  10. NAVCHETNA – National Framework for Early Childhood Stimulation for Children between Birth to Three Years, 2024
  11. ADHARSHILA – National Curriculum for Early Childhood Care and Education for Children from Three to Six Years, 2024
  12. Provisions for Children with Disabilities in ECCE Policies and Frameworks

5 Blindness and Low Vision

  1. Introduction
  2. Structure of the Eye and the Process of Seeing
  3. Meaning and Types of Blindness and Low Vision
  4. Censes and Prevalence of Blindness
  5. Characteristics of Children with Visual Impairment
  6. Common Causes of Visual Impairment
  7. Prevention of Visual Impairment
  8. Prenatal Care and Maternal Health
  9. Early Screening and Eye Examination
  10. Vaccination
  11. Prevent and Treat Retinopathy of Prematurity (RoP)
  12. Nutritional Interventions for Children
  13. Prompt Treatment of Eye Infections and Injuries
  14. Genetic Counseling and Education
  15. Access to Eye Care Services
  16. Prevent and Treat Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI)
  17. Early Intervention and Rehabilitation
  18. Clinical Assessment of Blindness in Classroom Condition
  19. Testing Visual Acuity
  20. Functional Skills Inventory for the Blind
  21. Functional Vision Assessment

6 Management of Blindness and Low Vision in Classroom

  1. Early Childhood Care and Education
  2. Concept of Expanded Core Curriculum
  3. Preparation and Use of Teaching Learning Material
  4. Assistive Technology for Persons with Visual Impairment
  5. Optical and Non-optical Devices for Children with Low Vision

7 Deafness and Hard of Hearing

  1. Meaning and Definition
  2. Classification and Specific Causes of Hearing Loss
  3. Causes of Hearing Loss
  4. Diagnosing Hearing Loss
  5. Hearing Aids
  6. Prevention of Hearing Loss
  7. Management of Hearing Loss
  8. Early Identification
  9. Early Intervention
  10. Early Childhood Care and Education

8 Speech and Language Disability

  1. Understanding Speech, Language and Communication
  2. Nature of Speech and Language Disability
  3. Speech Disorders: Types and Identification
  4. Language Disorders: Types and Identification
  5. Learning Needs of Children with Speech and Language Disabilities
  6. Strategies to Support Learning of Children with Speech and Language Disabilities

9 Intellectual Disability

  1. Nature of Intellectual Disability
  2. Identification and Characteristics of Persons with Intellectual Disability
  3. Prevalence and Causes
  4. Early Identification and Early Intervention
  5. Some Principles for Working with the Child during Early Childhood Years
  6. Providing Early Stimulation to the Child at Home and in the ECCE Setting

10 Specific Learning Disabilities

  1. Understanding the Definition of SLDs
  2. Types of SLDs and their Characteristics
  3. When can SLDs be Identified?
  4. Causes of SLDs — Possible Factors
  5. Identification and Assessment of SLD
  6. Intervention and Support Strategies

11 Autism Spectrum Disorder

  1. Introduction
  2. Meaning and Features of ASD
  3. Prevalence and Causes
  4. Assessment and Diagnosis
  5. Choosing the Interventions
  6. Classroom Management Strategies for Teachers

12 Mental Illness

  1. Understanding Mental Health and Mental Illness
  2. Symptoms of Mental Illness
  3. Types of Mental Illness
  4. Specific Causes of Mental Illness in Children
  5. Assessment and Diagnosis of Mental Illness
  6. Stigma and Mental Illness in Children
  7. Intervention for Mental Illness
  8. Preventive Measures for Mental Illness in Childhood

13 Locomotor Disabilities

  1. Understanding Locomotor Disabilities
  2. Characteristics/ Behavioural Manifestation of Locomotor Disabilities
  3. Specific Causes and Prevention
  4. Assessment
  5. Interventions

14 Muscular Dystrophy

  1. Introduction
  2. Definition and Nature of Disability
  3. Types of Muscular Dystrophy
  4. Physical Characteristics and Behavioural Manifestation
  5. Causes of Muscular Dystrophy
  6. Assessment and Diagnosis
  7. Prevention of Muscular Dystrophy
  8. Management of Muscular Dystrophy
  9. Educational Implications for Pre-primary and Primary Levels

15 Dwarfism

  1. Introduction
  2. Types of Dwarfism
  3. Causes of Dwarfism
  4. Early identification and Treatment of Dwarfism
  5. Challenges Faced by Individuals with Dwarfism
  6. Management of Dwarfism

16 Individuals Affected By Leprosy

  1. Introduction
  2. Definition and Meaning
  3. Types of Leprosy
  4. Symptoms of Leprosy
  5. Impact of Leprosy
  6. Causes and Prevention
  7. Early Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation
  8. Coping Mechanisms
  9. Education of Children Affected with Leprosy

17 Acid Attack Victims

  1. Understanding Acid Attack
  2. Causes of Acid Attack
  3. Effects of Acid Attacks
  4. Case Studies of Acid Attacks
  5. Prevention of Acid Attacks
  6. Learning Needs of Students with Acid Attack

18 Cerebral Palsy

  1. Cerebral Palsy Definition and Nature?
  2. Effects of Cerebral Palsy
  3. Types of Cerebral Palsy
  4. Causes of Cerebral Palsy
  5. Screening and Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy
  6. Early Signs of Cerebral Palsy
  7. Early Intervention for a Child with Cerebral Palsy

19 Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

  1. Introduction
  2. Meaning and Features of ADHD
  3. Types of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
  4. Prevalence of ADHD
  5. Causes of ADHD
  6. Assessment
  7. Interventions

20 Haemophilia

  1. Introduction
  2. Nature of the Disability
  3. Types and Causes of Haemophilia
  4. Severity Levels of Haemophilia
  5. Early Signs and Diagnosis of Haemophilia
  6. Impacts of Haemophilia on the Health and Wellbeing of Individuals
  7. Management of Haemophilia
  8. Managing a Child with Haemophilia at School

21 Sickle Cell Disease

  1. Understanding Sickle Cell Disease
  2. Prevalence in India
  3. Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia
  4. Complications of Sickle Cell Anaemia
  5. Cause of Sickle Cell Disease
  6. Types of Sickle Cell Disease
  7. Impact of Sickle Cell Disease on Wellbeing
  8. Prevention of Sickle Cell Disease
  9. Management of Disease
  10. Accommodation in Schools

22 Thalassemia

  1. Introduction
  2. Nature of Thalassemia
  3. Specific Causes
  4. Prevalence
  5. Symptoms and Characteristics
  6. Impact of Thalassemia
  7. Early Detection and Diagnosis
  8. Treatment and Management
  9. Support Services
  10. Educational Interventions for Students with Thalassemia

23 Parkinson’s Disease

  1. Nature of Parkinson’s Disease
  2. Prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease
  3. Causes of Parkinson’s Disease
  4. Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
  5. Identification of Parkinson’s Disease
  6. Impact of Parkinson’s Disease on Wellbeing of Individuals
  7. Management of Parkinson’s Disease

24 Multiple Sclerosis

  1. Understanding the Nature of Multiple Sclerosis
  2. Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Neurons
  3. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
  4. Causes and Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis
  5. Progression of the Disease
  6. Impact on Daily Life
  7. Management and Treatment

25 Multiple Disabilities

  1. Introduction
  2. Multiple Disabilities as per Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
  3. Some Facts about Multiple Disabilities
  4. Types of Multiple Disabilities
  5. Causes of Multiple Disabilities
  6. Early Intervention
  7. Individualized Education Plan
  8. Enhancing Functional Skills
  9. Task Analysis
  10. Alternative and Augmentative Communication Systems
  11. Total Communication
  12. Assistive Technological Devices for Children with Multiple Disabilities
  13. Therapy and Rehabilitation
  14. Various Settings for Providing Education to Children with Multiple Disabilities